Reference tool
India emission factor finder
The emission factor a GHG calculation actually needs — for grid electricity, common liquid/gaseous fuels, and coal — sourced from CEA's own CO2 Baseline Database and IPCC 2006 defaults, not a generic international average.
Built for the BRSR Core GHG calculator, which asks for exactly this input — SEBI's own Annexure 17A leaves the emission factor to be sourced from "IPCC or Actual Testing from Accredited Test Lab," so this is that lookup. Energy-basis factors (coal, gas, furnace oil) need your fuel's own calorific value to convert to a per-kg or per-litre figure — use your supplier certificate or lab test, not a generic assumption, since Indian fuel quality varies by source.
All-India grid electricity (weighted average)
0.71 kg CO2 / kWh
Provisional figure for FY 2024-25, down from 0.727 in FY 2023-24 as renewable generation share rises — check the current CEA database version before using in a filing, this factor is republished roughly annually.
Source: CEA CO2 Baseline Database, User Guide v21.0 (Dec 2025)
Diesel (HSD)
2.68 kg CO2 / litre
Petrol / motor gasoline
2.31 kg CO2 / litre
Fuel oil (e.g. furnace oil)
71.9 g CO2 / MJ (GCV basis)
CEA's own table labels this category "Oil" (power-sector fuel oil, commonly furnace oil in Indian industrial use) without further specifying grade — energy-basis factor, multiply by your fuel's actual GCV (from a supplier certificate or lab test, typically ~40-42 MJ/kg) to convert to kg CO2/kg or kg CO2/litre. Oxidation factor 1.00.
Source: CEA CO2 Baseline Database fuel emission factor table
LPG
2.983 kg CO2 / kg
Natural gas (PNG/CNG)
1.88 kg CO2 / standard m³
A common default assuming typical Indian PNG composition — if your gas supplier's own composition/calorific data differs, prefer the energy-basis figure below instead.
Natural gas (energy basis)
49.4 g CO2 / MJ (GCV basis)
Multiply by your gas supply's actual GCV (typically ~38-40 MJ/scm, check your supplier's data) to convert to kg CO2/scm.
Source: CEA CO2 Baseline Database fuel emission factor table
Coal (domestic, Indian)
92.5 g CO2 / MJ (GCV basis)
Derived by CEA from ~120 Indian coal field samples — India-specific, not a generic IPCC default. Indian coal GCV varies widely by source (commonly ~3,000-5,000 kcal/kg / ~12.5-21 MJ/kg) — use your own supplier certificate or lab test GCV, not a generic assumption. Oxidation factor 0.98.
Source: CEA CO2 Baseline Database fuel emission factor table
Coal (imported)
85.2 g CO2 / MJ (GCV basis)
Convert using your imported coal shipment's certified GCV. Oxidation factor 0.98.
Source: CEA CO2 Baseline Database fuel emission factor table
Lignite
102.5 g CO2 / MJ (GCV basis)
Convert using your lignite source's certified GCV. Oxidation factor 0.98.
Source: CEA CO2 Baseline Database fuel emission factor table
Naphtha
66 g CO2 / MJ (GCV basis)
Oxidation factor 1.00.
Source: CEA CO2 Baseline Database fuel emission factor table